A query problem like this requires an “efficient simulation in response to an on-line query” or an “avoiding naive application of operations by prefetching the queries.”

In this problem, one can use an array to solve this problem (while processing the queries on-line.) Specifically, in C++, you can use a raw array or a std::vector, and in Python, a list, to solve this problem.

A sample code is below. When implementing, note that the number of input values differs depending on the query type.

C++ (raw array)

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int A[100000];

int main() {
    int N;
    cin >> N;

    // Receive A
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        cin >> A[i];
    }

    int Q;
    cin >> Q;

    // Receive queries
    for (int i = 0; i < Q; ++i) {
        int type;
        cin >> type;
        if (type == 1) {
            // Update A if the query is of 1-st type
            int k, x;
            cin >> k >> x;
            A[k - 1] = x;
        } else {
            // Print A if the query is of 2-nd type
            int k;
            cin >> k;
            cout << A[k - 1] << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

C++ （std::vector）

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int N;
    cin >> N;

    vector<int> A(N);
    // Receive A
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
        cin >> A[i];
    }

    int Q;
    cin >> Q;

    // Receive the queries
    for (int i = 0; i < Q; ++i) {
        int type;
        cin >> type;
        if (type == 1) {
            // Update A if the query is of 1-st type
            int k, x;
            cin >> k >> x;
            A[k - 1] = x;
        } else {
            // Print A if the query is of 2-nd type
            int k;
            cin >> k;
            cout << A[k - 1] << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

python

N = int(input())

# Receive A
A = list(map(int, input().split()))

Q = int(input())

# Receive the queries
for i in range(Q):
    query = list(map(int, input().split()))
    if query[0] == 1:
        # Update A if the query is of 1-st type
        type, k, x = query
        A[k - 1] = x
    else:
        # Print A if the query is of 2-nd type
        type, k = query
        print(A[k - 1])