//! ----------------------------------------------
//! Framework <https://github.com/vain0x/procon>
//!
//! See the bottom of file for solution.
//! ----------------------------------------------
#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::cmp::{max, min, Ordering};
use std::collections::*;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Write as FmtWrite};
use std::io::{stderr, stdin, BufRead, Write};
use std::mem::{replace, swap};
use std::ops::*;
use std::rc::Rc;
/// Print values to standard error if debug mode.
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! debug {
($($e:expr),*) => {
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
$({
let (e, mut err) = (stringify!($e), stderr());
writeln!(err, "\x1B[33m{}\x1B[0m = {:?}", e, $e).unwrap()
})*
};
}
/// Read from standard input and parse each word.
/// - `read!(T, U, ..)` parses a line as a tuple of words.
/// - `read![[T]]` parses a line as an array of words.
/// - `read![..; N]` parses `N` lines, using `read!(..)` repeatedly.
#[allow(unused_macros)]
macro_rules! read {
([$t:ty] ; $n:expr) =>
((0..$n).map(|_| read!([$t])).collect::<Vec<_>>());
($($t:ty),+ ; $n:expr) =>
((0..$n).map(|_| read!($($t),+)).collect::<Vec<_>>());
([$t:ty]) =>
(rl().split_whitespace().map(|w| w.parse().unwrap()).collect::<Vec<$t>>());
($($t:ty),*) => {{
let buf = rl();
let mut w = buf.split_whitespace();
($(w.next().unwrap().parse::<$t>().unwrap()),*)
}};
}
/// Read a line from standard input.
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn rl() -> String {
let mut buf = String::new();
stdin().read_line(&mut buf).unwrap();
#[allow(deprecated)]
buf.trim_right().to_owned()
}
// -----------------------------------------------
// Solution
// -----------------------------------------------
#[derive(PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
struct Interval<T> {
l: T,
r: T,
}
impl<T: Ord> Interval<T> {
fn new(l: T, r: T) -> Interval<T> {
Interval { l: l, r: r }
}
fn disjoint(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.r <= other.l || other.r <= self.l
}
fn covers(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.l <= other.l && other.r <= self.r
}
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct SegTree<T, F> {
len: usize,
/// Number of leaf nodes.
width: usize,
/// len = `2w-1` for `w-1` inners and `w` leaves,
/// where `w` is the smallest `2^p` (`>= len`).
node: Vec<T>,
mempty: T,
mappend: F,
}
impl<T, F> SegTree<T, F>
where
T: Clone,
F: Fn(T, T) -> T,
{
pub fn new(items: Vec<T>, mempty: T, mappend: F) -> SegTree<T, F> {
let len = items.len();
let mut w = 1;
while w < len {
w *= 2;
}
debug_assert!(w >= len);
let mut node = vec![mempty.clone(); 2 * w - 1];
for (ei, item) in items.into_iter().enumerate() {
node[w - 1 + ei] = item;
}
for ni in (0..w - 1).rev() {
node[ni] = mappend(node[2 * ni + 1].clone(), node[2 * ni + 2].clone());
}
SegTree {
len: len,
width: w,
node: node,
mempty: mempty,
mappend: mappend,
}
}
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.len
}
pub fn set(&mut self, ei: usize, value: T) {
let mut ni = self.width - 1 + ei;
self.node[ni] = value;
while ni > 0 {
ni = (ni - 1) / 2;
self.node[ni] =
(self.mappend)(self.node[2 * ni + 1].clone(), self.node[2 * ni + 2].clone());
}
}
pub fn sum(&self, ql: usize, qr: usize) -> T {
let q = Interval::new(ql, qr);
if q.disjoint(&Interval::new(0, self.len())) {
self.mempty.clone()
} else {
self.sum_core(0, Interval::new(0, self.width), &q)
}
}
fn sum_core(&self, ni: usize, e: Interval<usize>, q: &Interval<usize>) -> T {
if e.disjoint(&q) {
self.mempty.clone()
} else if q.covers(&e) {
self.node[ni].clone()
} else {
let m = (e.l + e.r) / 2;
let vl = self.sum_core(2 * ni + 1, Interval::new(e.l, m), q);
let vr = self.sum_core(2 * ni + 2, Interval::new(m, e.r), q);
(self.mappend)(vl.clone(), vr.clone())
}
}
}
fn main() {
let N = read!(usize);
let mut P = read![[usize]];
// P の前後に番兵として N より大きい要素を1個ずつ追加する。
P.insert(0, N + 1);
P.push(N + 2);
assert_eq!(P.len(), N + 2);
// 処理済み要素のインデックスを管理するセグメントツリー
// prev[..i]: 位置 i より左にある最後の処理済み要素
// next[i + 1..]: 位置 i より右にある最初の処理済み要素
let mut prev = SegTree::new(vec![0; N + 2], 0, max);
let mut next = SegTree::new(vec![N + 1; N + 2], N + 1, min);
// P の値からインデックスを逆算するもの
let mut pos = vec![0; N + 6];
for i in 0..P.len() {
let p = P[i];
pos[p] = i;
}
debug!(P);
let mut sum = 0_usize;
for p in (1..N + 1).rev() {
let i = pos[p];
let x = prev.sum(0, i);
let w = prev.sum(0, x);
assert!(w <= x && x < i);
let y = next.sum(i + 1, N + 2);
let z = next.sum(y + 1, N + 2);
assert!(i < y && y <= z);
// i より左側にある p より大きい要素をちょうど1個含むような区間の個数
let left = (x - w) * (y - i);
// 右側
let right = (i - x) * (z - y);
let count = left + right;
sum += count * p;
debug!(p, (w, x, i, y, z), (left, right, count, sum));
// i を処理済みにする。
prev.set(i, i);
next.set(i, i);
}
println!("{}", sum)
}