Problem Statement

Snuke lives on an infinite two-dimensional plane. He is going on an N-day trip. At the beginning of Day 1, he is at home. His plan is described in a string S of length N. On Day i(1 ≦ i ≦ N), he will travel a positive distance in the following direction:

• North if the i-th letter of S is N
• West if the i-th letter of S is W
• South if the i-th letter of S is S
• East if the i-th letter of S is E

He has not decided each day's travel distance. Determine whether it is possible to set each day's travel distance so that he will be back at home at the end of Day N.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ | S | ≦ 1000
• S consists of the letters N, W, S, E.

Sample Input 1

SENW

Sample Output 1

Yes

If Snuke travels a distance of 1 on each day, he will be back at home at the end of day 4.

Sample Input 2

NSNNSNSN

Sample Output 2

Yes

Sample Input 3

NNEW

Sample Output 3

No

Sample Input 4

W

Sample Output 4

No

Problem Statement

Snuke has a large collection of cards. Each card has an integer between 1 and N, inclusive, written on it. He has A_i cards with an integer i.

Two cards can form a pair if the absolute value of the difference of the integers written on them is at most 1.

Snuke wants to create the maximum number of pairs from his cards, on the condition that no card should be used in multiple pairs. Find the maximum number of pairs that he can create.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ N ≦ 10^5
• 0 ≦ A_i ≦ 10^9 (1 ≦ i ≦ N)
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4
4
0
3
2

Sample Output 1

4

For example, Snuke can create the following four pairs: (1,1),(1,1),(3,4),(3,4).

Sample Input 2

8
2
0
1
6
0
8
2
1

Sample Output 2

9

Problem Statement

Snuke got an integer sequence of length N from his mother, as a birthday present. The i-th (1 ≦ i ≦ N) element of the sequence is a_i. The elements are pairwise distinct. He is sorting this sequence in increasing order. With supernatural power, he can perform the following two operations on the sequence in any order:

• Operation 1: choose 2 consecutive elements, then reverse the order of those elements.
• Operation 2: choose 3 consecutive elements, then reverse the order of those elements.

Snuke likes Operation 2, but not Operation 1. Find the minimum number of Operation 1 that he has to perform in order to sort the sequence in increasing order.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ N ≦ 10^5
• 0 ≦ A_i ≦ 10^9
• If i ≠ j, then A_i ≠ A_j.
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4
2
4
3
1

Sample Output 1

1

The given sequence can be sorted as follows:

• First, reverse the order of the last three elements. The sequence is now: 2,1,3,4.
• Then, reverse the order of the first two elements. The sequence is now: 1,2,3,4.

In this sequence of operations, Operation 1 is performed once. It is not possible to sort the sequence with less number of Operation 1, thus the answer is 1.

Sample Input 2

5
10
8
5
3
2

Sample Output 2

0

Problem Statement

Snuke got positive integers s_1,...,s_N from his mother, as a birthday present. There may be duplicate elements.

He will circle some of these N integers. Since he dislikes cubic numbers, he wants to ensure that if both s_i and s_j (i ≠ j) are circled, the product s_is_j is not cubic. For example, when s_1=1,s_2=1,s_3=2,s_4=4, it is not possible to circle both s_1 and s_2 at the same time. It is not possible to circle both s_3 and s_4 at the same time, either.

Find the maximum number of integers that Snuke can circle.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ N ≦ 10^5
• 1 ≦ s_i ≦ 10^{10}
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Sample Output 1

6

Snuke can circle 1,2,3,5,6,7.

Sample Input 2

6
2
4
8
16
32
64

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

10
1
10
100
1000000007
10000000000
1000000009
999999999
999
999
999

Sample Output 3

9

Problem Statement

Snuke got an integer sequence from his mother, as a birthday present. The sequence has N elements, and the i-th of them is i. Snuke performs the following Q operations on this sequence. The i-th operation, described by a parameter q_i, is as follows:

• Take the first q_i elements from the sequence obtained by concatenating infinitely many copy of the current sequence, then replace the current sequence with those q_i elements.

After these Q operations, find how many times each of the integers 1 through N appears in the final sequence.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ N ≦ 10^5
• 0 ≦ Q ≦ 10^5
• 1 ≦ q_i ≦ 10^{18}
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 3
6
4
11

Sample Output 1

3
3
3
2
0

After the first operation, the sequence becomes: 1,2,3,4,5,1.

After the second operation, the sequence becomes: 1,2,3,4.

After the third operation, the sequence becomes: 1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3.

In this sequence, integers 1,2,3,4,5 appear 3,3,3,2,0 times, respectively.

Sample Input 2

10 10
9
13
18
8
10
10
9
19
22
27

Sample Output 2

7
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
0
0

Problem Statement

Snuke got a grid from his mother, as a birthday present. The grid has H rows and W columns. Each cell is painted black or white. All black cells are 4-connected, that is, it is possible to traverse from any black cell to any other black cell by just visiting black cells, where it is only allowed to move horizontally or vertically.

The color of the cell at the i-th row and j-th column (1 ≦ i ≦ H, 1 ≦ j ≦ W) is represented by a character s_{ij}. If s_{ij} is #, the cell is painted black. If s_{ij} is ., the cell is painted white. At least one cell is painted black.

We will define fractals as follows. The fractal of level 0 is a 1 × 1 grid with a black cell. The fractal of level k+1 is obtained by arranging smaller grids in H rows and W columns, following the pattern of the Snuke's grid. At a position that corresponds to a black cell in the Snuke's grid, a copy of the fractal of level k is placed. At a position that corresponds to a white cell in the Snuke's grid, a grid whose cells are all white, with the same dimensions as the fractal of level k, is placed.

You are given the description of the Snuke's grid, and an integer K. Find the number of connected components of black cells in the fractal of level K, modulo 10^9+7.

Constraints

• 1 ≦ H,W ≦ 1000
• 0 ≦ K ≦ 10^{18}
• Each s_{ij} is either # or ..
• All black cells in the given grid are 4-connected.
• There is at least one black cell in the given grid.

Sample Input 1

3 3 3
.#.
###
#.#

Sample Output 1

20

The fractal of level K=3 in this case is shown below. There are 20 connected components of black cells.

.............#.............
............###............
............#.#............
..........#..#..#..........
.........#########.........
.........#.##.##.#.........
..........#.....#..........
.........###...###.........
.........#.#...#.#.........
....#........#........#....
...###......###......###...
...#.#......#.#......#.#...
.#..#..#..#..#..#..#..#..#.
###########################
#.##.##.##.##.##.##.##.##.#
.#.....#..#.....#..#.....#.
###...######...######...###
#.#...#.##.#...#.##.#...#.#
....#.................#....
...###...............###...
...#.#...............#.#...
.#..#..#...........#..#..#.
#########.........#########
#.##.##.#.........#.##.##.#
.#.....#...........#.....#.
###...###.........###...###
#.#...#.#.........#.#...#.#

Sample Input 2

3 3 3
###
#.#
###

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

11 15 1000000000000000000
.....#.........
....###........
....####.......
...######......
...#######.....
..##.###.##....
..##########...
.###.....####..
.####...######.
###############
#.##..##..##..#

Sample Output 3

301811921