Problem Statement

In an xy-coordinate plane whose x-axis is oriented to the right and whose y-axis is oriented upwards, rotate a point (a, b) around the origin d degrees counterclockwise and find the new coordinates of the point.

Constraints

• -1000 \leq a,b \leq 1000
• 1 \leq d \leq 360
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 2 180

Sample Output 1

-2 -2

When (2, 2) is rotated around the origin 180 degrees counterclockwise, it becomes the symmetric point of (2, 2) with respect to the origin, which is (-2, -2).

Sample Input 2

5 0 120

Sample Output 2

-2.49999999999999911182 4.33012701892219364908

When (5, 0) is rotated around the origin 120 degrees counterclockwise, it becomes (-\frac {5}{2} , \frac {5\sqrt{3}}{2}).
This sample output does not precisely match these values, but the errors are small enough to be considered correct.

Sample Input 3

0 0 11

Sample Output 3

0.00000000000000000000 0.00000000000000000000

Since (a, b) is the origin (the center of rotation), a rotation does not change its coordinates.

Sample Input 4

15 5 360

Sample Output 4

15.00000000000000177636 4.99999999999999555911

A 360-degree rotation does not change the coordinates of a point.

Sample Input 5

-505 191 278

Sample Output 5

118.85878514480690171240 526.66743699786547949770

Problem Statement

Let us call a string consisting of uppercase and lowercase English alphabets a wonderful string if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

• The string contains an uppercase English alphabet.
• The string contains a lowercase English alphabet.
• All characters in the string are pairwise distinct.

For example, AtCoder and Aa are wonderful strings, while atcoder and Perfect are not.

Given a string S, determine if S is a wonderful string.

Constraints

• 1 \le |S| \le 100
• S is a string consisting of uppercase and lowercase English alphabets.

Sample Input 1

AtCoder

Sample Output 1

Yes

AtCoder is a wonderful string because it contains an uppercase English alphabet, a lowercase English alphabet, and all characters in the string are pairwise distinct.

Sample Input 2

Aa

Sample Output 2

Yes

Note that A and a are different characters. This string is a wonderful string.

Sample Input 3

atcoder

Sample Output 3

No

It is not a wonderful string because it does not contain an uppercase English alphabet.

Sample Input 4

Perfect

Sample Output 4

No

It is not a wonderful string because the 2-nd and the 5-th characters are the same.

Problem Statement

You are given a positive integer N.

Find the number of triples of positive integers (A, B, C) such that A\leq B\leq C and ABC\leq N.

The Constraints guarantee that the answer is less than 2^{63}.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 10^{11}
• N is an integer.

Sample Input 1

4

Sample Output 1

5

There are five such triples: (1,1,1),(1,1,2),(1,1,3),(1,1,4),(1,2,2).

Sample Input 2

100

Sample Output 2

323

Sample Input 3

100000000000

Sample Output 3

5745290566750

Problem Statement

You are given a permutation A=(A_1,\ldots,A_N) of (1,2,\ldots,N).
Transform A into (1,2,\ldots,N) by performing the following operation between 0 and N-1 times, inclusive:

• Operation: Choose any pair of integers (i,j) such that 1\leq i < j \leq N. Swap the elements at the i-th and j-th positions of A.

It can be proved that under the given constraints, it is always possible to transform A into (1,2,\ldots,N).

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5
• (A_1,\ldots,A_N) is a permutation of (1,2,\ldots,N).
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5
3 4 1 2 5

Sample Output 1

2
1 3
2 4

The operations change the sequence as follows:

• Initially, A=(3,4,1,2,5).
• The first operation swaps the first and third elements, making A=(1,4,3,2,5).
• The second operation swaps the second and fourth elements, making A=(1,2,3,4,5).

Other outputs such as the following are also considered correct:

4
2 3
3 4
1 2
2 3

Sample Input 2

4
1 2 3 4

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

3
3 1 2

Sample Output 3

2
1 2
2 3

Problem Statement

We have a long piece of timber with a length of L meters.
For each x = 1, 2, \dots, L - 1, there is a mark called Mark x at x meters from the left end of the piece.

You are given Q queries, the i-th of which is represented as a pair of numbers (c_i, x_i).
Process the queries in ascending order of i as described below.

• If c_i = 1: cut the piece at Mark x_i into two.
• If c_i = 2: choose the piece with Mark x_i on it and print its length.

Here, for both kinds of queries c_i = 1, 2, it is guaranteed that there will have been no cut at Mark x_i when the query is to be processed.

Constraints

• 1 \leq L \leq 10^9
• 1 \leq Q \leq 2 \times 10^5
• c_i = 1, 2 (1 \leq i \leq Q)
• 1 \leq x_i \leq L - 1 (1 \leq i \leq Q)
• For every i (1 \leq i \leq Q), the following holds: there is no j such that 1 \leq j \lt i and (c_j,x_j) = (1, x_i).
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 3
2 2
1 3
2 2

Sample Output 1

5
3

At the time of the first query, no cut has been made, so the piece with Mark 2 has a length of 5 meters. Thus, you should print 5.
In the second query, the piece is cut into two pieces with lengths of 3 and 2 meters.
At the time of the third query, the piece with Mark 2 has a length of 3 meters, so you should print 3.

Sample Input 2

5 3
1 2
1 4
2 3

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

100 10
1 31
2 41
1 59
2 26
1 53
2 58
1 97
2 93
1 23
2 84

Sample Output 3

69
31
6
38
38