Problem Statement

You are given an integer N and a sequence S=(S_1,\ldots,S_N) of length N.

Find a sequence A=(A_1,\ldots,A_N) of length N that satisfies the following condition for all k=1,\ldots,N:

• A_1+A_2+\ldots+A_k = S_k.

Such a sequence A always exists and is unique.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 10
• -10^9\leq S_i \leq 10^9
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
3 4 8

Sample Output 1

3 1 4

The sequence in the output actually satisfies all the conditions:

• A_1=3=S_1;
• A_1+A_2=3+1=4=S_2;
• A_1+A_2+A_3=3+1+4=8=S_3.

Sample Input 2

10
314159265 358979323 846264338 -327950288 419716939 -937510582 97494459 230781640 628620899 -862803482

Sample Output 2

314159265 44820058 487285015 -1174214626 747667227 -1357227521 1035005041 133287181 397839259 -1491424381

Problem Statement

You are given an integer N between -10^{18} and 10^{18} (inclusive).

Find an integer x between 0 and 998244353 - 1 (inclusive) that satisfies the following condition. It can be proved that such an integer is unique.

• N-x is a multiple of 998244353.

Constraints

• N is an integer between -10^{18} and 10^{18} (inclusive).

Sample Input 1

998244354

Sample Output 1

1

998244354-1 = 998244353 is a multiple of 998244353, so the condition is satisfied.

Sample Input 2

-9982443534

Sample Output 2

998244349

-9982443534-998244349= -10980687883 is a multiple of 998244353, so the condition is satisfied.

Problem Statement

There is a grid with H horizontal rows and W vertical columns. For two integers i and j such that 1 \leq i \leq H and 1 \leq j \leq W, the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left (which we denote by (i, j)) has an integer A_{i, j} written on it.

Takahashi is currently at (1,1). From now on, he repeats moving to an adjacent square to the right of or below his current square until he reaches (H, W). When he makes a move, he is not allowed to go outside the grid.

Takahashi will be happy if the integers written on the squares he visits (including initial (1, 1) and final (H, W)) are distinct. Find the number of his possible paths that make him happy.

Constraints

• 2 \leq H, W \leq 10
• 1 \leq A_{i, j} \leq 10^9
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 3
3 2 2
2 1 3
1 5 4

Sample Output 1

3

There are six possible paths:

• (1, 1) \rightarrow (1, 2) \rightarrow (1, 3) \rightarrow (2, 3) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 2, 3, 4, so he will not be happy.
• (1, 1) \rightarrow (1, 2) \rightarrow (2, 2) \rightarrow (2, 3) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, so he will not be happy.
• (1, 1) \rightarrow (1, 2) \rightarrow (2, 2) \rightarrow (3, 2) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, so he will be happy.
• (1, 1) \rightarrow (2, 1) \rightarrow (2, 2) \rightarrow (2, 3) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, so he will not be happy.
• (1, 1) \rightarrow (2, 1) \rightarrow (2, 2) \rightarrow (3, 2) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, so he will be happy.
• (1, 1) \rightarrow (2, 1) \rightarrow (3, 1) \rightarrow (3, 2) \rightarrow (3, 3): the integers written on the squares he visits are 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, so he will be happy.

Thus, the third, fifth, and sixth paths described above make him happy.

Sample Input 2

10 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Sample Output 2

48620

In this example, every possible path makes him happy.

Problem Statement

There is a slot machine with N reels.
The placement of symbols on the i-th reel is represented by a string S_i of length 10 containing each of 0, 1, \ldots, 9 exactly once.

Each reel has a corresponding button. For each non-negative integer t, Takahashi can press one of the buttons of his choice (or do nothing) t seconds after the reels start spinning.
If the button for the i-th reel is pressed t seconds after the start of the spin, the i-th reel will stop to display the ((t\bmod{10})+1)-th character of S_i.
Here, t\bmod{10} denotes the remainder when t is divided by 10.

Takahashi wants to stop all reels to make them display the same character.
Find the minimum number of seconds needed to achieve his objective after the start of the spin.

Constraints

• 2\leq N\leq 100
• N is an integer.
• S_i is a string of length 10 containing each of 0, 1, \ldots, 9 exactly once.

Sample Input 1

3
1937458062
8124690357
2385760149

Sample Output 1

6

Takahashi can make all reels display 8 in 6 seconds after the start of the spin by stopping them as follows.

• 0 seconds after the start of the spin, press the button for the 2-nd reel, making it stop to display the ((0\bmod{10})+1=1)-st character of S_2, 8.
• 2 seconds after the start of the spin, press the button for the 3-rd reel, making it stop to display the ((2\bmod{10})+1=3)-rd character of S_3, 8.
• 6 seconds after the start of the spin, press the button for the 1-st reel, making it stop to display the ((6\bmod{10})+1=7)-th character of S_1, 8.

There is no way to make all reels display the same character in five seconds or less, so the answer is 6.

Sample Input 2

5
0123456789
0123456789
0123456789
0123456789
0123456789

Sample Output 2

40

Note that he must stop all reels to make them display the same character.

Problem Statement

Takahashi has N kinds of coins; specifically, for 1\leq i\leq N, he has B_i coins worth A_i yen (the currency in Japan) each.

Determine if Takahashi can pay exactly X yen (without change) with the coins he currently has.

Constraints

• 1\leq N\leq 50
• 1\leq X\leq 10^4
• 1\leq A_i\leq 100
• 1\leq B_i\leq 50
• A_i are pairwise distinct.
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 19
2 3
5 6

Sample Output 1

Yes

Takahashi has three 2-yen coins and six 5-yen coins. He can use two 2-yen coins and three 5-yen coins to pay exactly 2\times 2+5\times 3=19 yen. Thus, Yes should be printed.

Sample Input 2

2 18
2 3
5 6

Sample Output 2

No

There is no combination of the coins that he can use to pay exactly 18 yen. Thus, No should be printed.

Sample Input 3

3 1001
1 1
2 1
100 10

Sample Output 3

Yes

He need not use all kinds of coins.