Problem Statement

There are zero or more sensors placed on a grid of H rows and W columns. Let (i, j) denote the square in the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.
Whether each square contains a sensor is given by the strings S_1, S_2, \ldots, S_H, each of length W. (i, j) contains a sensor if and only if the j-th character of S_i is #.
These sensors interact with other sensors in the squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent to them and operate as one sensor. Here, a cell (x, y) and a cell (x', y') are said to be horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent if and only if \max(|x-x'|,|y-y'|) = 1.
Note that if sensor A interacts with sensor B and sensor A interacts with sensor C, then sensor B and sensor C also interact.

Considering the interacting sensors as one sensor, find the number of sensors on this grid.

Constraints

• 1 \leq H, W \leq 1000
• H and W are integers.
• S_i is a string of length W where each character is # or ..

Sample Input 1

5 6
.##...
...#..
....##
#.#...
..#...

Sample Output 1

3

When considering the interacting sensors as one sensor, the following three sensors exist:

• The interacting sensors at (1,2),(1,3),(2,4),(3,5),(3,6)
• The sensor at (4,1)
• The interacting sensors at (4,3),(5,3)

Sample Input 2

3 3
#.#
.#.
#.#

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

4 2
..
..
..
..

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

5 47
.#..#..#####..#...#..#####..#...#...###...#####
.#.#...#.......#.#...#......##..#..#...#..#....
.##....#####....#....#####..#.#.#..#......#####
.#.#...#........#....#......#..##..#...#..#....
.#..#..#####....#....#####..#...#...###...#####

Sample Output 4

7

Problem Statement

This problem is a sub-problem of Problem F (Operate K), with K=1.
You can solve this problem by submitting a correct solution for Problem F to this problem.

Determine whether it is possible to perform the following operation on string S between 0 and K times, inclusive, to make it identical to string T.

• Choose one of the following three operations and execute it.
  • Insert any one character at any position in S (possibly the beginning or end).
  • Delete one character from S.
  • Choose one character in S and replace it with another character.

Constraints

• Each of S and T is a string of length between 1 and 500000, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters.
• \color{red}{K=1}

Sample Input 1

1
abc
agc

Sample Output 1

Yes

Replacing the second character b of abc with g converts abc to agc in one operation.

Sample Input 2

1
abc
awtf

Sample Output 2

No

abc cannot be converted to awtf in one operation.

Sample Input 3

1
abc
ac

Sample Output 3

Yes

Deleting the second character b of abc converts abc to ac in one operation.

Sample Input 4

1
back
black

Sample Output 4

Yes

Inserting l between the first and second characters of back converts back to black in one operation.

Sample Input 5

1
same
same

Sample Output 5

Yes

It is also possible that S = T from the beginning.

Sample Input 6

1
leap
read

Sample Output 6

No

Problem Statement

N cards, numbered 1 through N, are arranged in a line. For each i\ (1\leq i < N), card i and card (i+1) are adjacent to each other. Card i has A_i written on its front, and B_i written on its back. Initially, all cards are face up.

Consider flipping zero or more cards chosen from the N cards. Among the 2^N ways to choose the cards to flip, find the number, modulo 998244353, of such ways that:

• when the chosen cards are flipped, for every pair of adjacent cards, the integers written on their face-up sides are different.

Constraints

• 1\leq N \leq 2\times 10^5
• 1\leq A_i,B_i \leq 10^9
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
4 2
3 4

Sample Output 1

4

Let S be the set of card numbers to flip.

For example, when S=\{2,3\} is chosen, the integers written on their visible sides are 1,2, and 4, from card 1 to card 3, so it satisfies the condition.

On the other hand, when S=\{3\} is chosen, the integers written on their visible sides are 1,4, and 4, from card 1 to card 3, where the integers on card 2 and card 3 are the same, violating the condition.

Four S satisfy the conditions: \{\},\{1\},\{2\}, and \{2,3\}.

Sample Input 2

4
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8

Sample Output 2

16

Sample Input 3

8
877914575 602436426
861648772 623690081
476190629 262703497
971407775 628894325
822804784 450968417
161735902 822804784
161735902 822804784
822804784 161735902

Sample Output 3

48

Problem Statement

In the world where Takahashi lives, a week has N days.

Takahashi, the king of the Kingdom of AtCoder, assigns "weekday" or "holiday" to each day of week. The assignments should be the same for all weeks. At least one day of week should be assigned "holiday".

Under such conditions, the productivity of the i-th day of week is defined by a sequence A of length N as follows:

• if the i-th day of week is "holiday", its productivity is 0;
• if the i-th day of week is "weekday", its productivity is A_{\min(x,y)}, if the last holiday is x days before and the next one is y days after.
  • Note that the last/next holiday may belong to a different week due to the periodic assignments. For details, see the Samples.

Find the maximum productivity per week when the assignments are chosen optimally.
Here, the productivity per week refers to the sum of the productivities of the 1-st, 2-nd, \dots, and N-th day of week.

Constraints

• All values in the input are integers.
• 1 \le N \le 5000
• 1 \le A_i \le 10^9

Sample Input 1

7
10 10 1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 1

50

For example, we can assign "holiday" to the 2-nd and 4-th day of week and "weekday" to the rest to achieve a productivity of 50 per week:

• the 1-st day of week ... x=4 and y=1, so its productivity is A_1 = 10.
• the 2-nd day of week ... it is holiday, so its productivity is 0.
• the 3-st day of week ... x=1 and y=1, so its productivity is A_1 = 10.
• the 4-th day of week ... it is holiday, so its productivity is 0.
• the 5-th day of week ... x=1 and y=4, so its productivity is A_1 = 10.
• the 6-th day of week ... x=2 and y=3, so its productivity is A_2 = 10.
• the 7-th day of week ... x=3 and y=2, so its productivity is A_2 = 10.

It is impossible to make the productivity per week 51 or greater.

Sample Input 2

10
200000000 500000000 1000000000 800000000 100000000 80000000 600000 900000000 1 20

Sample Output 2

5100000000

Sample Input 3

20
38 7719 21238 2437 8855 11797 8365 32285 10450 30612 5853 28100 1142 281 20537 15921 8945 26285 2997 14680

Sample Output 3

236980

Problem Statement

You are given N intervals numbered 1 to N. Interval i is [L_i, R_i].

Two intervals [l_a, r_a] and [l_b, r_b] are said to intersect if and only if they satisfy either (l_a < l_b < r_a < r_b) or (l_b < l_a < r_b < r_a).

Define f(l, r) as the number of intervals i (1 \leq i \leq N) that intersect with the interval [l, r].

Among all pairs of integers (l, r) satisfying 0 \leq l < r \leq 10^{9}, find the pair (l, r) that maximizes f(l, r). If there are multiple such pairs, choose the one with the smallest l. If there are still multiple pairs, choose the one with the smallest r among them. (Since 0 \leq l < r, the pair (l, r) to be answered is uniquely determined.)

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 10^{5}
• 0 \leq L_i < R_i \leq 10^{9} (1 \leq i \leq N)
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5
1 7
3 9
7 18
10 14
15 20

Sample Output 1

4 11

The maximum value of f(l, r) is 4, and among the pairs (l, r) that achieve f(l, r) = 4, the smallest l is 4. The pairs (l, r) that satisfy f(l, r) = 4 and l = 4 are the following five:

• (l, r) = (4, 11)
• (l, r) = (4, 12)
• (l, r) = (4, 13)
• (l, r) = (4, 16)
• (l, r) = (4, 17)

Among these, the smallest r is 11, so print 4 and 11.

Sample Input 2

11
856977192 996441446
298251737 935869360
396653206 658841528
710569907 929136831
325371222 425309117
379628374 697340458
835681913 939343451
140179224 887672320
375607390 611397526
93530028 581033295
249611310 775998537

Sample Output 2

396653207 887672321