Problem Statement

You are given a string S. Find the number of strings that can result from performing the following operation exactly once.

• Let N be the length of S. Choose a pair of integers (i,j) such that 1\leq i<j\leq N and swap the i-th and j-th characters of S.

It can be proved that you can always perform it under the constraints of this problem.

Constraints

• S is a string of length between 2 and 10^6, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters.

Sample Input 1

abc

Sample Output 1

3

The length of S is 3, so 1\leq i<j\leq 3 is satisfied by three pairs of integers (i,j): (1,2), (1,3), and (2,3).

• Swapping the 1-st and 2-nd characters of S results in S being bac.
• Swapping the 1-st and 3-rd characters of S results in S being cba.
• Swapping the 2-nd and 3-rd characters of S results in S being acb.

Therefore, the operation on abc results in one of the three strings: bac, cba, and acb, so print 3.

Sample Input 2

aaaaa

Sample Output 2

1

Swapping any two characters results in S remaining aaaaa. Thus, only one string can result from the operation.

Problem Statement

You are given a positive integer N.
Find the number of quadruples of positive integers (A,B,C,D) such that AB + CD = N.

Under the constraints of this problem, it can be proved that the answer is at most 9 \times 10^{18}.

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• N is an integer.

Sample Input 1

4

Sample Output 1

8

Here are the eight desired quadruples.

• (A,B,C,D)=(1,1,1,3)
• (A,B,C,D)=(1,1,3,1)
• (A,B,C,D)=(1,2,1,2)
• (A,B,C,D)=(1,2,2,1)
• (A,B,C,D)=(1,3,1,1)
• (A,B,C,D)=(2,1,1,2)
• (A,B,C,D)=(2,1,2,1)
• (A,B,C,D)=(3,1,1,1)

Sample Input 2

292

Sample Output 2

10886

Sample Input 3

19876

Sample Output 3

2219958

Problem Statement

A souvenir shop at AtCoder Land sells N boxes.

The boxes are numbered 1 to N, and box i has a price of A_i yen and contains A_i pieces of candy.

Takahashi wants to buy M out of the N boxes and give one box each to M people named 1, 2, \ldots, M.

Here, he wants to buy boxes that can satisfy the following condition:

• For each i = 1, 2, \ldots, M, person i is given a box containing at least B_i pieces of candy.

Note that it is not allowed to give more than one box to a single person or to give the same box to multiple people.

Determine whether it is possible to buy M boxes that can satisfy the condition, and if it is possible, find the minimum total amount of money Takahashi needs to pay.

Constraints

• 1 \leq M \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq A_i, B_i \leq 10^9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4 2
3 4 5 4
1 4

Sample Output 1

7

Takahashi can buy boxes 1 and 4, and give box 1 to person 1 and box 4 to person 2 to satisfy the condition.

In this case, he needs to pay 7 yen in total, and it is impossible to satisfy the condition by paying less than 7 yen, so print 7.

Sample Input 2

3 3
1 1 1
1000000000 1000000000 1000000000

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

7 3
2 6 8 9 5 1 11
3 5 7

Sample Output 3

19

Problem Statement

We have an N \times N chessboard. Let (i, j) denote the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left of this board.
The board is described by N strings S_i.
The j-th character of the string S_i, S_{i,j}, means the following.

• If S_{i,j}= ., the square (i, j) is empty.
• If S_{i,j}= #, the square (i, j) is occupied by a white pawn, which cannot be moved or removed.

We have put a white bishop on the square (A_x, A_y).
Find the minimum number of moves needed to move this bishop from (A_x, A_y) to (B_x, B_y) according to the rules of chess (see Notes).
If it cannot be moved to (B_x, B_y), report -1 instead.

Notes

A white bishop on the square (i, j) can go to the following positions in one move.

• For each positive integer d, it can go to (i+d,j+d) if all of the conditions are satisfied.

  • The square (i+d,j+d) exists in the board.
  • For every positive integer l \le d, (i+l,j+l) is not occupied by a white pawn.

• For each positive integer d, it can go to (i+d,j-d) if all of the conditions are satisfied.

  • The square (i+d,j-d) exists in the board.
  • For every positive integer l \le d, (i+l,j-l) is not occupied by a white pawn.

• For each positive integer d, it can go to (i-d,j+d) if all of the conditions are satisfied.

  • The square (i-d,j+d) exists in the board.
  • For every positive integer l \le d, (i-l,j+l) is not occupied by a white pawn.

• For each positive integer d, it can go to (i-d,j-d) if all of the conditions are satisfied.

  • The square (i-d,j-d) exists in the board.
  • For every positive integer l \le d, (i-l,j-l) is not occupied by a white pawn.

Constraints

• 2 \le N \le 1500
• 1 \le A_x,A_y \le N
• 1 \le B_x,B_y \le N
• (A_x,A_y) \neq (B_x,B_y)
• S_i is a string of length N consisting of . and #.
• S_{A_x,A_y}= .
• S_{B_x,B_y}= .

Sample Input 1

5
1 3
3 5
....#
...#.
.....
.#...
#....

Sample Output 1

3

We can move the bishop from (1,3) to (3,5) in three moves as follows, but not in two or fewer moves.

• (1,3) \rightarrow (2,2) \rightarrow (4,4) \rightarrow (3,5)

Sample Input 2

4
3 2
4 2
....
....
....
....

Sample Output 2

-1

There is no way to move the bishop from (3,2) to (4,2).

Sample Input 3

18
18 1
1 18
..................
.####.............
.#..#..####.......
.####..#..#..####.
.#..#..###...#....
.#..#..#..#..#....
.......####..#....
.............####.
..................
..................
.####.............
....#..#..#.......
.####..#..#..####.
.#.....####..#....
.####.....#..####.
..........#..#..#.
.............####.
..................

Sample Output 3

9

Problem Statement

Given is a tree with N vertices. The vertices are numbered 1,2,\ldots ,N, and the i-th edge is an undirected edge connecting Vertices u_i and v_i.

For each integer i\,(1 \leq i \leq N), find \sum_{j=1}^{N}dis(i,j).

Here, dis(i,j) denotes the minimum number of edges that must be traversed to go from Vertex i to Vertex j.

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq u_i < v_i \leq N
• The given graph is a tree.
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2
2 3

Sample Output 1

3
2
3

We have:

dis(1,1)+dis(1,2)+dis(1,3)=0+1+2=3,

dis(2,1)+dis(2,2)+dis(2,3)=1+0+1=2,

dis(3,1)+dis(3,2)+dis(3,3)=2+1+0=3.

Sample Input 2

2
1 2

Sample Output 2

1
1

Sample Input 3

6
1 6
1 5
1 3
1 4
1 2

Sample Output 3

5
9
9
9
9
9