Problem Statement

You are given two sequences: A=(A_1,A_2, \ldots ,A_N) consisting of N positive integers, and B=(B_1, \ldots ,B_M) consisting of M positive integers.

Find the minimum difference of an element of A and an element of B, that is, \displaystyle \min_{ 1\leq i\leq N}\displaystyle\min_{1\leq j\leq M} \lvert A_i-B_j\rvert.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N,M \leq 2\times 10^5
• 1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9
• 1 \leq B_i \leq 10^9
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 2
1 6
4 9

Sample Output 1

2

Here is the difference for each of the four pair of an element of A and an element of B: \lvert 1-4\rvert=3, \lvert 1-9\rvert=8, \lvert 6-4\rvert=2, and \lvert 6-9\rvert=3. We should print the minimum of these values, or 2.

Sample Input 2

1 1
10
10

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

6 8
82 76 82 82 71 70
17 39 67 2 45 35 22 24

Sample Output 3

3

Problem Statement

Print all strictly increasing integer sequences of length N where all elements are between 1 and M (inclusive), in lexicographically ascending order.

Notes

For two integer sequences of the same length A_1,A_2,\dots,A_N and B_1,B_2,\dots,B_N, A is said to be lexicographically earlier than B if and only if:

• there is an integer i (1 \le i \le N) such that A_j=B_j for all integers j satisfying 1 \le j < i, and A_i < B_i.

An integer sequence A_1,A_2,\dots,A_N is said to be strictly increasing if and only if:

• A_i < A_{i+1} for all integers i (1 \le i \le N-1).

Constraints

• 1 \le N \le M \le 10
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 3

Sample Output 1

1 2 
1 3 
2 3 

The sought sequences are (1,2),(1,3),(2,3), which should be printed in lexicographically ascending order.

Sample Input 2

3 5

Sample Output 2

1 2 3 
1 2 4 
1 2 5 
1 3 4 
1 3 5 
1 4 5 
2 3 4 
2 3 5 
2 4 5 
3 4 5 

Problem Statement

We have an undirected graph with (N_1+N_2) vertices and M edges. For i=1,2,\ldots,M, the i-th edge connects vertex a_i and vertex b_i.
The following properties are guaranteed:

• Vertex u and vertex v are connected, for all integers u and v with 1 \leq u,v \leq N_1.
• Vertex u and vertex v are connected, for all integers u and v with N_1+1 \leq u,v \leq N_1+N_2.
• Vertex 1 and vertex (N_1+N_2) are disconnected.

Consider performing the following operation exactly once:

• choose an integer u with 1 \leq u \leq N_1 and an integer v with N_1+1 \leq v \leq N_1+N_2, and add an edge connecting vertex u and vertex v.

We can show that vertex 1 and vertex (N_1+N_2) are always connected in the resulting graph; so let d be the minimum length (number of edges) of a path between vertex 1 and vertex (N_1+N_2).

Find the maximum possible d resulting from adding an appropriate edge to add.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N_1,N_2 \leq 1.5 \times 10^5
• 0 \leq M \leq 3 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq a_i \leq b_i \leq N_1+N_2
• (a_i,b_i) \neq (a_j,b_j) if i \neq j.
• Vertex u and vertex v are connected for all integers u and v such that 1 \leq u,v \leq N_1.
• Vertex u and vertex v are connected for all integers u and v such that N_1+1 \leq u,v \leq N_1+N_2.
• Vertex 1 and vertex (N_1+N_2) are disconnected.
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 4 6
1 2
2 3
4 5
4 6
1 3
6 7

Sample Output 1

5

If we set u=2 and v=5, the operation yields d=5, which is the maximum possible.

Sample Input 2

7 5 20
10 11
4 5
10 12
1 2
1 5
5 6
2 4
3 5
9 10
2 5
1 4
11 12
9 12
8 9
5 7
3 7
3 6
3 4
8 12
9 11

Sample Output 2

4

Problem Statement

You are given a weighted undirected graph G with N vertices, numbered 1 to N. Initially, G has no edges.

You will perform M operations to add edges to G. The i-th operation (1 \leq i \leq M) is as follows:

• You are given a subset of vertices S_i=\lbrace A_{i,1},A_{i,2},\dots,A_{i,K_i}\rbrace consisting of K_i vertices. For every pair u, v such that u, v \in S_i and u < v, add an edge between vertices u and v with weight C_i.

After performing all M operations, determine whether G is connected. If it is, find the total weight of the edges in a minimum spanning tree of G.

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq M \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 2 \leq K_i \leq N
• \sum_{i=1}^{M} K_i \leq 4 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq A_{i,1} < A_{i,2} < \dots < A_{i,K_i} \leq N
• 1 \leq C_i \leq 10^9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4 3
3 3
1 2 3
2 2
1 2
3 4
1 3 4

Sample Output 1

9

The left diagram shows G after all M operations, and the right diagram shows a minimum spanning tree of G (the numbers next to the edges indicate their weights).

The total weight of the edges in the minimum spanning tree is 3 + 2 + 4 = 9.

Sample Input 2

3 2
2 1
1 2
2 1
1 2

Sample Output 2

-1

G is not connected even after all M operations.

Sample Input 3

10 5
6 158260522
1 3 6 8 9 10
10 877914575
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 602436426
2 6 7 9
6 24979445
2 3 4 5 8 10
4 861648772
2 4 8 9

Sample Output 3

1202115217

Problem Statement

You are given N integers A_1, A_2, \dots, A_N.
Find the number of triples of integers (i, j, k) that satisfy the following conditions:

• 1 \le i, j, k \le N
• A_i \times A_j = A_k

Constraints

• 1 \le N \le 1000
• \color{red}{1 \le A_i < 10^{1000}}

Sample Input 1

5
2
3
6
12
24

Sample Output 1

6

The following six triples (i, j, k) satisfy the conditions in the problem statement:

• (1, 2, 3)
• (1, 3, 4)
• (1, 4, 5)
• (2, 1, 3)
• (3, 1, 4)
• (4, 1, 5)

Sample Input 2

11
1
2
3
4
5
6
123456789123456789
123456789123456789
987654321987654321
987654321987654321
121932631356500531347203169112635269

Sample Output 2

40

Note that the values of each integer A_i can be huge.

Sample Input 3

9
4
4
4
2
2
2
1
1
1

Sample Output 3

162

Note that there may be duplicates among the values of A_i.