Problem Statement

Takahashi and Aoki decided to jog.
Takahashi repeats the following: "walk at B meters a second for A seconds and take a rest for C seconds."
Aoki repeats the following: "walk at E meters a second for D seconds and take a rest for F seconds."
When X seconds have passed since they simultaneously started to jog, which of Takahashi and Aoki goes ahead?

Constraints

• 1 \leq A, B, C, D, E, F, X \leq 100
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

4 3 3 6 2 5 10

Sample Output 1

Takahashi

During the first 10 seconds after they started to jog, they move as follows.

• Takahashi walks for 4 seconds, takes a rest for 3 seconds, and walks again for 3 seconds. As a result, he advances a total of (4 + 3) \times 3 = 21 meters.
• Aoki walks for 6 seconds and takes a rest for 4 seconds. As a result, he advances a total of 6 \times 2 = 12 meters.

Since Takahashi goes ahead, Takahashi should be printed.

Sample Input 2

3 1 4 1 5 9 2

Sample Output 2

Aoki

Sample Input 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sample Output 3

Draw

Problem Statement

Let us call a string consisting of uppercase and lowercase English alphabets a wonderful string if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

• The string contains an uppercase English alphabet.
• The string contains a lowercase English alphabet.
• All characters in the string are pairwise distinct.

For example, AtCoder and Aa are wonderful strings, while atcoder and Perfect are not.

Given a string S, determine if S is a wonderful string.

Constraints

• 1 \le |S| \le 100
• S is a string consisting of uppercase and lowercase English alphabets.

Sample Input 1

AtCoder

Sample Output 1

Yes

AtCoder is a wonderful string because it contains an uppercase English alphabet, a lowercase English alphabet, and all characters in the string are pairwise distinct.

Sample Input 2

Aa

Sample Output 2

Yes

Note that A and a are different characters. This string is a wonderful string.

Sample Input 3

atcoder

Sample Output 3

No

It is not a wonderful string because it does not contain an uppercase English alphabet.

Sample Input 4

Perfect

Sample Output 4

No

It is not a wonderful string because the 2-nd and the 5-th characters are the same.

Problem Statement

You are given N strings S_1,S_2,\dots,S_N consisting of lowercase English alphabets.

Consider choosing some number of strings from S_1,S_2,\dots,S_N.

Find the maximum number of distinct alphabets that satisfy the following condition: "the alphabet is contained in exactly K of the chosen strings."

Constraints

• 1 \le N \le 15
• 1 \le K \le N
• N and K are integers.
• S_i is a non-empty string consisting of lowercase English alphabets.
• For each integer i such that 1 \le i \le N, S_i does not contain two or more same alphabets.
• If i \neq j, then S_i \neq S_j.

Sample Input 1

4 2
abi
aef
bc
acg

Sample Output 1

3

When S_1,S_3, and S_4 are chosen, a,b, and c occur in exactly two of the strings.

There is no way to choose strings so that 4 or more alphabets occur in exactly 2 of the strings, so the answer is 3.

Sample Input 2

2 2
a
b

Sample Output 2

0

You cannot choose the same string more than once.

Sample Input 3

5 2
abpqxyz
az
pq
bc
cy

Sample Output 3

7

Problem Statement

You are given an integer sequence A = (A_1, \dots, A_N) of length N.

Find the number of triplets of integers (i, j, k) satisfying all of the conditions below.

• 1 \leq i, j, k \leq N
• \frac{A_i}{A_j} = A_k

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq A_i \leq 2 \times 10^5 \, (1 \leq i \leq N)
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
6 2 3

Sample Output 1

2

(i, j, k) = (1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2) satisfy the conditions.

Sample Input 2

1
2

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

10
1 3 2 4 6 8 2 2 3 7

Sample Output 3

62

Problem Statement

Consider the following procedure of, given a string X consisting of lowercase English alphabets, obtaining a new string:

• Split the string X off at the positions where two different characters are adjacent to each other.
• For each string Y that has been split off, replace Y with a string consisting of the character which Y consists of, followed by the length of Y.
• Concatenate the replaced strings without changing the order.

For example, aaabbcccc is divided into aaa,bb,cccc, which are replaced by a3,b2,c4, respectively, which in turn are concatenated without changing the order, resulting in a3b2c4.If the given string is aaaaaaaaaa , the new string is a10 .

Find the number, modulo P, of strings S of lengths N consisting of lowercase English alphabets, such that the length of T is smaller than that of S, where T is the string obtained by the procedure above against the string S.

Constraints

• 1 \le N \le 3000
• 10^8 \le P \le 10^9
• N and P are integers.
• P is a prime.

Sample Input 1

3 998244353

Sample Output 1

26

Those strings of which the 1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd characters are all the same satisfy the condition.

For example, aaa becomes a3, which satisfies the condition, while abc becomes a1b1c1, which does not.

Sample Input 2

2 998244353

Sample Output 2

0

Note that if a string is transformed into another string of the same length, such as aa that becomes a2, it does not satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 3

5 998244353

Sample Output 3

2626

Strings like aaabb and aaaaa satisfy the condition.

Sample Input 4

3000 924844033

Sample Output 4

607425699

Find the number of strings satisfying the condition modulo P.

Problem Statement

Takahashi has an integer x. Initially, x = 0.

There are N operations. The i-th operation (1 \leq i \leq N) is represented by two integers t_i and y_i as follows:

• If t_i = 1, replace x with y_i.
• If t_i = 2, replace x with x + y_i.

Takahashi may skip any number between 0 and K (inclusive) of the operations. When he performs the remaining operations once each without changing the order, find the maximum possible final value of x.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 0 \leq K \leq N
• t_i \in \{1,2\} \, (1 \leq i \leq N)
• |y_i| \leq 10^9 \, (1 \leq i \leq N)
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 1
2 4
2 -3
1 2
2 1
2 -3

Sample Output 1

3

If he skips the 5-th operation, x changes as 0 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 1 \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3, so x results in 3. This is the maximum.

Sample Input 2

1 0
2 -1000000000

Sample Output 2

-1000000000

Sample Input 3

10 3
2 3
2 -1
1 4
2 -1
2 5
2 -9
2 2
1 -6
2 5
2 -3

Sample Output 3

15

Problem Statement

There are N cards numbered 1, \dots, N. Card i \, (1 \leq i \leq N) has an integer A_i written on the front and an integer B_i written on the back.

Consider choosing one or more cards so that the exclusive logical sum of the integers written on the front of the chosen cards is at most K. Find the maximum possible exclusive logical sum of the integers written on the back of the chosen cards.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 1000
• 0 \leq K \lt 2^{30}
• 0 \leq A_i, B_i \lt 2^{30} \, (1 \leq i \leq N)
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

4 2
1 1
3 2
2 2
0 1

Sample Output 1

3

By choosing Cards 1 and 2, the exclusive logical sum of the integers written on the front of them is 2, and that on the back of them is 3, which is the maximum.

Sample Input 2

1 2
3 4

Sample Output 2

-1

It is impossible to choose cards so that the condition is satisfied.

Sample Input 3

10 326872757
487274679 568989827
267359104 968688210
669234369 189421955
1044049637 253386228
202278801 233212012
436646715 769734012
478066962 376960084
491389944 1033137442
214977048 1051768288
803550682 1053605300

Sample Output 3

1064164329

Problem Statement

There are N balls numbered 1 through N. Initially, Ball i is painted in Color A_i.

Colors are represented by integers between 1 and N, inclusive.

Consider repeating the following operation until all the colors of the balls become the same.

• There are 2^N subsets (including the empty set) of the set consisting of the N balls; choose one of the subsets uniformly at random. Let X_1,X_2,...,X_K be the indices of the chosen balls. Next, choose a permutation obtained by choosing K integers out of integers (1,2,\dots,N) uniformly at random. Let P=(P_1,P_2,\dots,P_K) be the chosen permutation. For each integer i such that 1 \le i \le K, change the color of Ball X_i to P_i.

Find the expected value of number of operations, modulo 998244353.

Here a permutation obtained by choosing K integers out of integers (1,2,\dots,N) is a sequence of K integers between 1 and N, inclusive, whose elements are pairwise distinct.

Notes

We can prove that the sought expected value is always a rational number. Also, under the Constraints of this problem, when the value is represented by two coprime integers P and Q as \frac{P}{Q}, we can prove that there exists a unique integer R such that R \times Q \equiv P(\bmod\ 998244353) and 0 \le R < 998244353. Find this R.

Constraints

• 2 \le N \le 2000
• 1 \le A_i \le N
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2
1 2

Sample Output 1

4

The operation is repeated until a subset of size 1 is chosen and the color of the ball is changed to the color of the ball not contained in the subset. The probability is \displaystyle \frac{2}{4} \times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{4}, so the expected value is 4.

Sample Input 2

3
1 1 1

Sample Output 2

0

The operation is never performed, since the colors of the balls are already the same.

Sample Input 3

10
3 1 4 1 5 9 2 6 5 3

Sample Output 3

900221128