Problem Statement

There is a grid with infinitely many rows and columns. In this grid, there is a rectangular region with consecutive N rows and M columns, and a card is placed in each square in this region. The front and back sides of these cards can be distinguished, and initially every card faces up.

We will perform the following operation once for each square contains a card:

• For each of the following nine squares, flip the card in it if it exists: the target square itself and the eight squares that shares a corner or a side with the target square.

It can be proved that, whether each card faces up or down after all the operations does not depend on the order the operations are performed. Find the number of cards that face down after all the operations.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N,M \leq 10^9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 2

Sample Output 1

0

We will flip every card in any of the four operations. Thus, after all the operations, all cards face up.

Sample Input 2

1 7

Sample Output 2

5

After all the operations, all cards except at both ends face down.

Sample Input 3

314 1592

Sample Output 3

496080

Problem Statement

Takahashi had a pair of two positive integers not exceeding N, (a,b), which he has forgotten. He remembers that the remainder of a divided by b was greater than or equal to K. Find the number of possible pairs that he may have had.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 10^5
• 0 \leq K \leq N-1
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 2

Sample Output 1

7

There are seven possible pairs: (2,3),(5,3),(2,4),(3,4),(2,5),(3,5) and (4,5).

Sample Input 2

10 0

Sample Output 2

100

Sample Input 3

31415 9265

Sample Output 3

287927211

Problem Statement

Determine if there exists a sequence obtained by permuting 1,2,...,N that satisfies the following conditions:

• The length of its longest increasing subsequence is A.
• The length of its longest decreasing subsequence is B.

If it exists, construct one such sequence.

Notes

A subsequence of a sequence P is a sequence that can be obtained by extracting some of the elements in P without changing the order.

A longest increasing subsequence of a sequence P is a sequence with the maximum length among the subsequences of P that are monotonically increasing.

Similarly, a longest decreasing subsequence of a sequence P is a sequence with the maximum length among the subsequences of P that are monotonically decreasing.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N,A,B \leq 3\times 10^5
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 3 2

Sample Output 1

2 4 1 5 3

One longest increasing subsequence of this sequence is {2,4,5}, and one longest decreasing subsequence of it is {4,3}.

Sample Input 2

7 7 1

Sample Output 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sample Input 3

300000 300000 300000

Sample Output 3

-1

Problem Statement

Takahashi and Aoki are playing a stone-taking game. Initially, there are N piles of stones, and the i-th pile contains A_i stones and has an associated integer K_i.

Starting from Takahashi, Takahashi and Aoki take alternate turns to perform the following operation:

• Choose a pile. If the i-th pile is selected and there are X stones left in the pile, remove some number of stones between 1 and floor(X/K_i) (inclusive) from the pile.

The player who first becomes unable to perform the operation loses the game. Assuming that both players play optimally, determine the winner of the game. Here, floor(x) represents the largest integer not greater than x.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 200
• 1 \leq A_i,K_i \leq 10^9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

2
5 2
3 3

Sample Output 1

Aoki

Initially, from the first pile at most floor(5/2)=2 stones can be removed at a time, and from the second pile at most floor(3/3)=1 stone can be removed at a time.

• If Takahashi first takes two stones from the first pile, from the first pile at most floor(3/2)=1 stone can now be removed at a time, and from the second pile at most floor(3/3)=1 stone can be removed at a time.
• Then, if Aoki takes one stone from the second pile, from the first pile at most floor(3/2)=1 stone can be removed at a time, and from the second pile no more stones can be removed (since floor(2/3)=0).
• Then, if Takahashi takes one stone from the first pile, from the first pile at most floor(2/2)=1 stone can now be removed at a time, and from the second pile no more stones can be removed.
• Then, if Aoki takes one stone from the first pile, from the first pile at most floor(1/2)=0 stones can now be removed at a time, and from the second pile no more stones can be removed.

No more operation can be performed, thus Aoki wins. If Takahashi plays differently, Aoki can also win by play accordingly.

Sample Input 2

3
3 2
4 3
5 1

Sample Output 2

Takahashi

Sample Input 3

3
28 3
16 4
19 2

Sample Output 3

Aoki

Sample Input 4

4
3141 59
26535 897
93 23
8462 64

Sample Output 4

Takahashi