Problem Statement

Given N, print 2^N.

Constraints

• 0 \leq N \leq 30
• N is an integer.

Sample Input 1

3

Sample Output 1

8

We have 2^3=8.

Sample Input 2

30

Sample Output 2

1073741824

Problem Statement

Takahashi is learning AtCoderish Language.

He memorizes AtCoderish words corresponding to English words.

He knows that red, blue, and green in English respectively correspond to SSS, FFF, and MMM in AtCoderish, and he knows no other words.

You are given a string S consisting of lowercase English letters. If S equals an English word that Takahashi knows corresponds to an AtCoderish word, output the AtCoderish word corresponding to S; otherwise, output the string Unknown.

Constraints

• S is a string of length between 1 and 10, inclusive, consisting of English letters.

Sample Input 1

red

Sample Output 1

SSS

red in English corresponds to SSS in AtCoderish.

Sample Input 2

atcoder

Sample Output 2

Unknown

Problem Statement

There are N people numbered 1 to N.

Person i guessed the building area of KEYENCE headquarters building to be S_i square meters.

The shape of KEYENCE headquarters building is shown below, where a and b are some positive integers.
That is, the building area of the building can be represented as 4ab+3a+3b.

Based on just this information, how many of the N people are guaranteed to be wrong in their guesses?

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 20
• 1 \leq S_i \leq 1000
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
10 20 39

Sample Output 1

1

The area would be 10 square meters if a=1,b=1, and 39 square meters if a=2,b=3.

However, no pair of positive integers a and b would make the area 20 square meters.

Thus, we can only be sure that Person 2 guessed wrong.

Sample Input 2

5
666 777 888 777 666

Sample Output 2

3

Problem Statement

You are given a positive integer N. Print a string of length (N+1), s_0s_1\ldots s_N, defined as follows.

For each i = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, N,

• if there is a divisor j of N that is between 1 and 9, inclusive, and i is a multiple of N/j, then s_i is the digit corresponding to the smallest such j (s_i will thus be one of 1, 2, ..., 9);
• if no such j exists, then s_i is -.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 1000
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

12

Sample Output 1

1-643-2-346-1

We will explain how to determine s_i for some i.

• For i = 0, the divisors j of N between 1 and 9 such that i is a multiple of N/j are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6. The smallest of these is 1, so s_0 = 1.

• For i = 4, the divisors j of N between 1 and 9 such that i is a multiple of N/j are 3, 6. The smallest of these is 3, so s_4 = 3.

• For i = 11, there are no divisors j of N between 1 and 9 such that i is a multiple of N/j, so s_{11} = -.

Sample Input 2

7

Sample Output 2

17777771

Sample Input 3

1

Sample Output 3

11

Problem Statement

You are given a length-N sequence of non-negative integers.
When B is a sequence obtained by choosing K elements from A and concatenating them without changing the order, find the maximum possible value of MEX(B).

Here, for a sequence X, we define MEX(X) as the unique non-negative integer m that satisfies the following conditions:

• Every integer i such that 0 \le i < m is contained in X.
• m is not contained in X.

Constraints

• All values in the input are integers.
• 1 \le K \le N \le 3 \times 10^5
• 0 \le A_i \le 10^9

Sample Input 1

7 3
2 0 2 3 2 1 9

Sample Output 1

3

In this input, A=(2,0,2,3,2,1,9), and you obtain the sequence B by picking K=3 elements. For example,

• If the 1-st, 2-nd, and 3-rd elements are chosen, MEX(B)=MEX(2,0,2)=1.
• If the 3-rd, 4-th, and 6-th elements are chosen, MEX(B)=MEX(2,3,1)=0.
• If the 2-nd, 6-th, and 7-th elements are chosen, MEX(B)=MEX(0,1,9)=2.
• If the 2-nd, 3-rd, and 6-th elements are chosen, MEX(B)=MEX(0,2,1)=3.

The maximum possible MEX is 3.