Problem Statement

There are N buildings aligned in a row. The i-th building from the left has a height of H_i.

Determine if there is a building taller than the first one from the left. If such a building exists, find the position of the leftmost such building from the left.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 100
• 1 \leq H_i \leq 100
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4
3 2 5 2

Sample Output 1

3

The building taller than the first one from the left is the third one from the left.

Sample Input 2

3
4 3 2

Sample Output 2

-1

No building is taller than the first one from the left.

Sample Input 3

7
10 5 10 2 10 13 15

Sample Output 3

6

The buildings taller than the first one from the left are the sixth and seventh ones. Among them, the leftmost is the sixth one.

Problem Statement

Given a length-3 string S consisting of uppercase English letters, print Yes if S equals one of ACE, BDF, CEG, DFA, EGB, FAC, and GBD; print No otherwise.

Constraints

• S is a length-3 string consisting of uppercase English letters.

Sample Input 1

ABC

Sample Output 1

No

When S = ABC, S does not equal any of ACE, BDF, CEG, DFA, EGB, FAC, and GBD, so No should be printed.

Sample Input 2

FAC

Sample Output 2

Yes

Sample Input 3

XYX

Sample Output 3

No

Problem Statement

N participants, numbered 1 to N, will participate in a contest with M problems, numbered 1 to M.

For an integer i between 1 and N and an integer j between 1 and M, participant i can solve problem j if the j-th character of S_i is o, and cannot solve it if that character is x.

The participants must be in pairs. Print the number of ways to form a pair of participants who can collectively solve all the M problems.

More formally, print the number of pairs (x,y) of integers satisfying 1\leq x < y\leq N such that for any integer j between 1 and M, at least one of participant x and participant y can solve problem j.

Constraints

• N is an integer between 2 and 30, inclusive.
• M is an integer between 1 and 30, inclusive.
• S_i is a string of length M consisting of o and x.

Sample Input 1

5 5
ooooo
oooxx
xxooo
oxoxo
xxxxx

Sample Output 1

5

The following five pairs satisfy the condition: participants 1 and 2, participants 1 and 3, participants 1 and 4, participants 1 and 5, and participants 2 and 3.

On the other hand, the pair of participants 2 and 4, for instance, does not satisfy the condition because they cannot solve problem 4.

Sample Input 2

3 2
ox
xo
xx

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

2 4
xxxx
oxox

Sample Output 3

0

Problem Statement

Given an integer X between -10^{18} and 10^{18} (inclusive), print \left\lfloor \dfrac{X}{10} \right\rfloor.

Notes

For a real number x, \left\lfloor x \right\rfloor denotes "the maximum integer not exceeding x". For example, we have \left\lfloor 4.7 \right\rfloor = 4, \left\lfloor -2.4 \right\rfloor = -3, and \left\lfloor 5 \right\rfloor = 5. (For more details, please refer to the description in the Sample Input and Output.)

Constraints

• -10^{18} \leq X \leq 10^{18}
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

47

Sample Output 1

4

The integers that do not exceed \frac{47}{10} = 4.7 are all the negative integers, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The maximum integer among them is 4, so we have \left\lfloor \frac{47}{10} \right\rfloor = 4.

Sample Input 2

-24

Sample Output 2

-3

Since the maximum integer not exceeding \frac{-24}{10} = -2.4 is -3, we have \left\lfloor \frac{-24}{10} \right\rfloor = -3.
Note that -2 does not satisfy the condition, as -2 exceeds -2.4.

Sample Input 3

50

Sample Output 3

5

The maximum integer that does not exceed \frac{50}{10} = 5 is 5 itself. Thus, we have \left\lfloor \frac{50}{10} \right\rfloor = 5.

Sample Input 4

-30

Sample Output 4

-3

Just like the previous example, \left\lfloor \frac{-30}{10} \right\rfloor = -3.

Sample Input 5

987654321987654321

Sample Output 5

98765432198765432

The answer is 98765432198765432. Make sure that all the digits match.

If your program does not behave as intended, we recommend you checking the specification of the programming language you use.
If you want to check how your code works, you may use "Custom Test" above the Problem Statement.

Problem Statement

Takahashi is a martial artist. There are N moves that a martial artist can learn, called Move 1, 2, \ldots, N. For each 1 \leq i \leq N, it takes T_i minutes of practice to learn Move i. Additionally, at the beginning of that practice, all of the Moves A_{i,1}, A_{i,2}, \ldots, A_{i,K_i} must be already learned. Here, it is guaranteed that A_{i,j} < i for each 1 \leq j \leq K_i.

Takahashi has not learned any move at time 0. He cannot practice for more than one move simultaneously, nor can he stop a practice he has already started. Find the minimum number of minutes needed for Takahashi to learn Move N.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5
• 1 \leq T_i \leq 10^9
• 0 \leq K_i < i
• 1 \leq A_{i,j} < i
• \sum_{i=1}^N K_i \leq 2\times 10^5
• A_{i,1}, A_{i,2}, \ldots, A_{i,K_i} are all distinct.
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
3 0
5 1 1
7 1 1

Sample Output 1

10

Here is one possible plan for Takahashi.

• At time 0, start practicing for Move 1 to learn Move 1 at time 3.
• Then, at time 3, start practicing for Move 3 to learn Move 3 at time 10.

Here, Takahashi spends 3+7=10 minutes to learn Move 3, which is the fastest possible. Note that he does not need to learn Move 2 to learn Move 3.

Sample Input 2

5
1000000000 0
1000000000 0
1000000000 0
1000000000 0
1000000000 4 1 2 3 4

Sample Output 2

5000000000

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.