Problem Statement

One day, tired from going to school, Takahashi wanted to know how many days there were until Saturday.
We know that the day was a weekday, and the name of the day of the week was S in English.
How many days were there until the first Saturday after that day (including Saturday but not the starting day)?

Constraints

• S is Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday.

Sample Input 1

Wednesday

Sample Output 1

3

It was Wednesday, so there were 3 days until the first Saturday after that day.

Sample Input 2

Monday

Sample Output 2

5

Problem Statement

Print how many distinct integers there are in given five integers A, B, C, D, and E.

Constraints

• 0 \leq A, B, C, D, E \leq 100
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

31 9 24 31 24

Sample Output 1

3

In the given five integers 31, 9, 24, 31, and 24, there are three distinct integers 9, 24, and 31. Thus, 3 should be printed.

Sample Input 2

0 0 0 0 0

Sample Output 2

1

Problem Statement

There are two grids S and T, each with N rows and N columns. Let (i,j) denote the cell at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.

Each cell of grids S and T is colored either white or black. Cell (i,j) of S is white if S_{i,j} is ., and black if S_{i,j} is #. The same applies to T.

You may perform the following two types of operations any number of times in any order. Find the minimum number of operations required to make grid S identical to grid T.

• Choose one cell of grid S and change its color.
• Rotate the entire grid S 90 degrees clockwise.

Constraints

• 1 \le N \le 100
• N is an integer.
• Each of S_{i,j} and T_{i,j} is . or #.

Sample Input 1

4
###.
..#.
..#.
..#.
...#
...#
###.
....

Sample Output 1

2

You can match S to T in two operations as shown below.

Sample Input 2

13
.#..###..##..
#.#.#..#.#.#.
#.#.###..#...
###.#..#.#.#.
#.#.###..##..
.............
..#...#....#.
.##..#.#..##.
#.#..#.#.#.#.
####.#.#.####
..#..#.#...#.
..#...#....#.
.............
.............
.#....#...#..
.#...#.#..#..
####.#.#.####
.#.#.###..#.#
.##....#..##.
.#....#...#..
.............
..##..###.#.#
.#.#.#..#.###
.#.#..###.#.#
.#.#.#..#.#.#
..##..###..#.

Sample Output 2

5

Problem Statement

You are given a positive integer M. Find a positive integer N and a sequence of non-negative integers A = (A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N) that satisfy all of the following conditions:

• 1 \le N \le 20
• 0 \le A_i \le 10 (1 \le i \le N)
• \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^N 3^{A_i} = M

It can be proved that under the constraints, there always exists at least one such pair of N and A satisfying the conditions.

Constraints

• 1 \le M \le 10^5

Sample Input 1

6

Sample Output 1

2
1 1

For example, with N=2 and A=(1,1), we have \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^N 3^{A_i} = 3+3=6, satisfying all conditions.

Another example is N=4 and A=(0,0,1,0), which also satisfies the conditions.

Sample Input 2

100

Sample Output 2

4
2 0 2 4

Sample Input 3

59048

Sample Output 3

20
0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9

Note the condition 1 \le N \le 20.

Problem Statement

The coordinate plane is covered with 2\times1 tiles. The tiles are laid out according to the following rules:

• For an integer pair (i,j), the square A _ {i,j}=\lbrace(x,y)\mid i\leq x\leq i+1\wedge j\leq y\leq j+1\rbrace is contained in one tile.
• When i+j is even, A _ {i,j} and A _ {i + 1,j} are contained in the same tile.

Tiles include their boundaries, and no two different tiles share a positive area.

Near the origin, the tiles are laid out as follows:

Takahashi starts at the point (S _ x+0.5,S _ y+0.5) on the coordinate plane.

He can repeat the following move as many times as he likes:

• Choose a direction (up, down, left, or right) and a positive integer n. Move n units in that direction.

Each time he enters a tile, he pays a toll of 1.

Find the minimum toll he must pay to reach the point (T _ x+0.5,T _ y+0.5).

Constraints

• 0\leq S _ x\leq2\times10 ^ {16}
• 0\leq S _ y\leq2\times10 ^ {16}
• 0\leq T _ x\leq2\times10 ^ {16}
• 0\leq T _ y\leq2\times10 ^ {16}
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 0
2 5

Sample Output 1

5

For example, Takahashi can pay a toll of 5 by moving as follows:

• Move left by 1. Pay a toll of 0.
• Move up by 1. Pay a toll of 1.
• Move left by 1. Pay a toll of 0.
• Move up by 3. Pay a toll of 3.
• Move left by 1. Pay a toll of 0.
• Move up by 1. Pay a toll of 1.

It is impossible to reduce the toll to 4 or less, so print 5.

Sample Input 2

3 1
4 1

Sample Output 2

0

There are cases where no toll needs to be paid.

Sample Input 3

2552608206527595 5411232866732612
771856005518028 7206210729152763

Sample Output 3

1794977862420151

Note that the value to be output may exceed the range of a 32-bit integer.

Problem Statement

Takahashi is planning an N-day train trip.
For each day, he can pay the regular fare or use a one-day pass.

Here, for 1\leq i\leq N, the regular fare for the i-th day of the trip is F_i yen.
On the other hand, a batch of D one-day passes is sold for P yen. You can buy as many passes as you want, but only in units of D.
Each purchased pass can be used on any day, and it is fine to have some leftovers at the end of the trip.

Find the minimum possible total cost for the N-day trip, that is, the cost of purchasing one-day passes plus the total regular fare for the days not covered by one-day passes.

Constraints

• 1\leq N\leq 2\times 10^5
• 1\leq D\leq 2\times 10^5
• 1\leq P\leq 10^9
• 1\leq F_i\leq 10^9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5 2 10
7 1 6 3 6

Sample Output 1

20

If he buys just one batch of one-day passes and uses them for the first and third days, the total cost will be (10\times 1)+(0+1+0+3+6)=20, which is the minimum cost needed.
Thus, print 20.

Sample Input 2

3 1 10
1 2 3

Sample Output 2

6

The minimum cost is achieved by paying the regular fare for all three days.

Sample Input 3

8 3 1000000000
1000000000 1000000000 1000000000 1000000000 1000000000 1000000000 1000000000 1000000000

Sample Output 3

3000000000

The minimum cost is achieved by buying three batches of one-day passes and using them for all eight days.
Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer type.

Problem Statement

There are H \times W cookies in H rows and W columns.
The color of the cookie at the i-row from the top and j-th column from the left is represented by a lowercase English letter c_{i,j}.

We will perform the following procedure.

1. For each row, perform the following operation: if there are two or more cookies remaining in the row and they all have the same color, mark them.

2. For each column, perform the following operation: if there are two or more cookies remaining in the column and they all have the same color, mark them.

3. If there are any marked cookies, remove them all and return to 1; otherwise, terminate the procedure.

Find the number of cookies remaining at the end of the procedure.

Constraints

• 2 \leq H, W \leq 2000
• c_{i,j} is a lowercase English letter.

Sample Input 1

4 3
aaa
aaa
abc
abd

Sample Output 1

2

The procedure is performed as follows.

• 1. Mark the cookies in the first and second rows.
• 2. Mark the cookies in the first column.
• 3. Remove the marked cookies.

At this point, the cookies look like the following, where . indicates a position where the cookie has been removed.

...
...
.bc
.bd

• 1. Do nothing.
• 2. Mark the cookies in the second column.
• 3. Remove the marked cookies.

At this point, the cookies look like the following, where . indicates a position where the cookie has been removed.

...
...
..c
..d

• 1. Do nothing.
• 2. Do nothing.
• 3. No cookies are marked, so terminate the procedure.

The final number of cookies remaining is 2.

Sample Input 2

2 5
aaaaa
abcde

Sample Output 2

4

Sample Input 3

3 3
ooo
ooo
ooo

Sample Output 3

0

Problem Statement

There is an undirected graph with N vertices numbered 1 through N, and initially with 0 edges.
Given Q queries, process them in order. After processing each query, print the number of vertices that are not connected to any other vertices by an edge.

The i-th query, \mathrm{query}_i, is of one of the following two kinds.

• 1 u v: connect vertex u and vertex v with an edge. It is guaranteed that, when this query is given, vertex u and vertex v are not connected by an edge.

• 2 v: remove all edges that connect vertex v and the other vertices. (Vertex v itself is not removed.)

Constraints

• 2 \leq N\leq 3\times 10^5
• 1 \leq Q\leq 3\times 10^5
• For each query of the first kind, 1\leq u,v\leq N and u\neq v.
• For each query of the second kind, 1\leq v\leq N.
• Right before a query of the first kind is given, there is no edge between vertices u and v.
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 7
1 1 2
1 1 3
1 2 3
2 1
1 1 2
2 2
1 1 2

Sample Output 1

1
0
0
1
0
3
1

After the first query, vertex 1 and vertex 2 are connected to each other by an edge, but vertex 3 is not connected to any other vertices.
Thus, 1 should be printed in the first line.

After the third query, all pairs of different vertices are connected by an edge.
However, the fourth query asks to remove all edges that connect vertex 1 and the other vertices, specifically to remove the edge between vertex 1 and vertex 2, and another between vertex 1 and vertex 3. As a result, vertex 2 and vertex 3 are connected to each other, while vertex 1 is not connected to any other vertices by an edge.
Thus, 0 and 1 should be printed in the third and fourth lines, respectively.

Sample Input 2

2 1
2 1

Sample Output 2

2

When the query of the second kind is given, there may be no edge that connects that vertex and the other vertices.

Problem Statement

There are N sequences of length M, denoted as A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N. The i-th sequence is represented by M integers A_{i,1}, A_{i,2}, \ldots, A_{i,M}.

Two sequences X and Y of length M are said to be similar if and only if the number of indices i (1 \leq i \leq M) such that X_i = Y_i is odd.

Find the number of pairs of integers (i,j) satisfying 1 \leq i < j \leq N such that A_i and A_j are similar.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 2000
• 1 \leq M \leq 2000
• 1 \leq A_{i,j} \leq 999
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 3
1 2 3
1 3 4
2 3 4

Sample Output 1

1

The pair (i,j) = (1,2) satisfies the condition because there is only one index k such that A_{1,k} = A_{2,k}, which is k=1.

The pairs (i,j) = (1,3), (2,3) do not satisfy the condition, making (1,2) the only pair that does.

Sample Input 2

6 5
8 27 27 10 24
27 8 2 4 5
15 27 26 17 24
27 27 27 27 27
27 7 22 11 27
19 27 27 27 27

Sample Output 2

5