Problem Statement

A mayoral election is being held in AtCoder City. The candidates are Takahashi and Aoki.

There are N valid votes cast for either of the two candidates, and the counting is currently underway. Here, N is an odd number.

The current vote count is T votes for Takahashi and A votes for Aoki.

Determine if the outcome of the election is already decided at this point.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 99
• N is an odd number.
• 0 \leq T, A \leq N
• T + A \leq N
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

7 4 2

Sample Output 1

Yes

Even if the remaining one vote goes to Aoki, Takahashi will still win. That is, his victory is decided, so print Yes.

Sample Input 2

99 12 48

Sample Output 2

No

Although Aoki currently has more votes, Takahashi would win if he receives the remaining 39 votes. Therefore, print No.

Sample Input 3

1 0 0

Sample Output 3

No

Problem Statement

In the Kingdom of AtCoder, residents are required to shout their love for takoyaki at A o'clock every day.

Takahashi, who lives in the Kingdom of AtCoder, goes to bed at B o'clock and wakes up at C o'clock every day (in the 24-hour clock). He can shout his love for takoyaki when he is awake, but cannot when he is asleep. Determine whether he can shout his love for takoyaki every day. Here, a day has 24 hours, and his sleeping time is less than 24 hours.

Constraints

• 0\leq A,B,C\lt 24
• A, B, and C are pairwise different.
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

21 8 14

Sample Output 1

Yes

Takahashi goes to bed at 8 o'clock and wakes up at 14 o'clock every day. He is awake at 21 o'clock, so he can shout his love for takoyaki every day. Therefore, print Yes.

Sample Input 2

0 21 7

Sample Output 2

No

Takahashi goes to bed at 21 o'clock and wakes up at 7 o'clock every day. He is not awake at 0 o'clock, so he cannot shout his love for takoyaki every day. Therefore, print No.

Sample Input 3

10 7 17

Sample Output 3

No

Problem Statement

In this problem, an input file contains multiple test cases.
You are first given an integer T. Solve the following problem for T test cases.

• We have N positive integers A_1, A_2, ..., A_N. How many of them are odd?

Constraints

• 1 \leq T \leq 100
• 1 \leq N \leq 100
• 1 \leq A_i \leq 10^9
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

4
3
1 2 3
2
20 23
10
6 10 4 1 5 9 8 6 5 1
1
1000000000

Sample Output 1

2
1
5
0

This input contains four test cases.

The second and third lines correspond to the first test case, where N = 3, A_1 = 1, A_2 = 2, A_3 = 3.
We have two odd numbers in A_1, A_2, and A_3, so the first line should contain 2.

Problem Statement

KEYENCE has a culture of reporting things as they are, whether good or bad.
So we want to check whether the reported content is exactly the same as the original text.

You are given two strings S and T, consisting of lowercase English letters.
If S and T are equal, print 0; otherwise, print the position of the first character where they differ.
Here, if the i-th character exists in only one of S and T, consider that the i-th characters are different.

More precisely, if S and T are not equal, print the smallest integer i satisfying one of the following conditions:

• 1\leq i\leq |S|, 1\leq i\leq |T|, and S_i\neq T_i.
• |S| < i \leq |T|.
• |T| < i \leq |S|.

Here, |S| and |T| denote the lengths of S and T, respectively, and S_i and T_i denote the i-th characters of S and T, respectively.

Constraints

• S and T are strings of length between 1 and 100, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters.

Sample Input 1

abcde
abedc

Sample Output 1

3

We have S= abcde and T= abedc.
S and T have the same first and second characters, but differ at the third character, so print 3.

Sample Input 2

abcde
abcdefg

Sample Output 2

6

We have S= abcde and T= abcdefg.
S and T are equal up to the fifth character, but only T has a sixth character, so print 6.

Sample Input 3

keyence
keyence

Sample Output 3

0

S and T are equal, so print 0.

Problem Statement

You are given a simple undirected graph with N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 1 to N, and the i-th edge connects vertex A_i and vertex B_i. Let us delete zero or more edges to remove cycles from the graph. Find the minimum number of edges that must be deleted for this purpose.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 0 \leq M \leq 2 \times 10^5
• 1 \leq A_i, B_i \leq N
• The given graph is simple.
• All values in the input are integers.

Sample Input 1

6 7
1 2
1 3
2 3
4 2
6 5
4 6
4 5

Sample Output 1

2

One way to remove cycles from the graph is to delete the two edges between vertex 1 and vertex 2 and between vertex 4 and vertex 5.
There is no way to remove cycles from the graph by deleting one or fewer edges, so you should print 2.

Sample Input 2

4 2
1 2
3 4

Sample Output 2

0

Sample Input 3

5 3
1 2
1 3
2 3

Sample Output 3

1

Problem Statement

There are N sticks with several balls stuck onto them. Each ball has a lowercase English letter written on it.

For each i = 1, 2, \ldots, N, the letters written on the balls stuck onto the i-th stick are represented by a string S_i. Specifically, the number of balls stuck onto the i-th stick is the length |S_i| of the string S_i, and S_i is the sequence of letters on the balls starting from one end of the stick.

Two sticks are considered the same when the sequence of letters on the balls starting from one end of one stick is equal to the sequence of letters starting from one end of the other stick. More formally, for integers i and j between 1 and N, inclusive, the i-th and j-th sticks are considered the same if and only if S_i equals S_j or its reversal.

Print the number of different sticks among the N sticks.

Constraints

• N is an integer.
• 2 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
• S_i is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.
• |S_i| \geq 1
• \sum_{i = 1}^N |S_i| \leq 2 \times 10^5

Sample Input 1

6
a
abc
de
cba
de
abc

Sample Output 1

3

• S_2 = abc equals the reversal of S_4 = cba, so the second and fourth sticks are considered the same.
• S_2 = abc equals S_6 = abc, so the second and sixth sticks are considered the same.
• S_3 = de equals S_5 = de, so the third and fifth sticks are considered the same.

Therefore, there are three different sticks among the six: the first, second (same as the fourth and sixth), and third (same as the fifth).

Problem Statement

There is an N \times N grid, where each cell is either empty or contains an obstacle. Let (i, j) denote the cell at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.

There are also two players on distinct empty cells of the grid. The information about each cell is given as N strings S_1, S_2, \ldots, S_N of length N, in the following format:

• If the j-th character of S_i is P, then (i, j) is an empty cell with a player on it.

• If the j-th character of S_i is ., then (i, j) is an empty cell without a player.

• If the j-th character of S_i is #, then (i, j) contains an obstacle.

Find the minimum number of moves required to bring the two players to the same cell by repeating the following operation. If it is impossible to bring the two players to the same cell by repeating the operation, print -1.

• Choose one of the four directions: up, down, left, or right. Then, each player attempts to move to the adjacent cell in that direction. Each player moves if the destination cell exists and is empty, and does not move otherwise.

Constraints

• N is an integer between 2 and 60, inclusive.
• S_i is a string of length N consisting of P, ., and #.
• There are exactly two pairs (i, j) where the j-th character of S_i is P.

Sample Input 1

5
....#
#..#.
.P...
..P..
....#

Sample Output 1

3

Let us call the player starting at (3, 2) Player 1 and the player starting at (4, 3) Player 2.

For example, doing the following brings the two players to the same cell in three moves:

• Choose left. Player 1 moves to (3, 1), and Player 2 moves to (4, 2).

• Choose up. Player 1 does not move, and Player 2 moves to (3, 2).

• Choose left. Player 1 does not move, and Player 2 moves to (3, 1).

Sample Input 2

2
P#
#P

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

10
..........
..........
..........
..........
....P.....
.....P....
..........
..........
..........
..........

Sample Output 3

10

Problem Statement

You are given N strings S_1, S_2, \ldots, S_N consisting of lowercase English letters, and a string T consisting of lowercase English letters.

There are N^2 pairs (i, j) of integers between 1 and N, inclusive. Print the number of pairs among them that satisfy the following condition.

• The concatenation of S_i and S_j in this order contains T as a (not necessarily contiguous) subsequence.

Constraints

• N is an integer.
• 1 \leq N \leq 5 \times 10^5
• S_i and T are strings of length 1 to 5 \times 10^5, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters.
• The total length of S_1, S_2, \ldots, S_N is at most 5 \times 10^5.

Sample Input 1

3 bac
abba
bcb
aaca

Sample Output 1

3

The pairs (i, j) that satisfy the condition in the problem statement are (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), as seen below.

• For (i, j) = (1, 2), the concatenation abbabcb of S_1 and S_2 in this order contains bac as a subsequence.
• For (i, j) = (1, 3), the concatenation abbaaaca of S_1 and S_3 in this order contains bac as a subsequence.
• For (i, j) = (2, 3), the concatenation bcbaaca of S_2 and S_3 in this order contains bac as a subsequence.

Sample Input 2

5 xx
x
x
x
x
x

Sample Output 2

25

Sample Input 3

1 y
x

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

10 ms
mkgn
m
hlms
vmsle
mxsm
nnzdhi
umsavxlb
ffnsybomr
yvmm
naouel

Sample Output 4

68

Problem Statement

We have an N \times M matrix, whose elements are initially all 0.

Process Q given queries. Each query is in one of the following formats.

• 1 l r x : Add x to every element in the l-th, (l+1)-th, \ldots, and r-th column.
• 2 i x: Replace every element in the i-th row with x.
• 3 i j: Print the (i, j)-th element.

Constraints

• 1 \leq N, M, Q \leq 2 \times 10^5
• Every query is in one of the formats listed in the Problem Statement.
• For each query in the format 1 l r x, 1 \leq l \leq r \leq M and 1 \leq x \leq 10^9.
• For each query in the format 2 i x, 1 \leq i \leq N and 1 \leq x \leq 10^9.
• For each query in the format 3 i j, 1 \leq i \leq N and 1 \leq j \leq M.
• At least one query in the format 3 i j is given.
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 3 9
1 1 2 1
3 2 2
2 3 2
3 3 3
3 3 1
1 2 3 3
3 3 2
3 2 3
3 1 2

Sample Output 1

1
2
2
5
3
4

The matrix transitions as follows.

\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 2 & 2 & 2 \\ \end{pmatrix} \rightarrow \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4 & 3 \\ 1 & 4 & 3 \\ 2 & 5 & 5 \\ \end{pmatrix}

Sample Input 2

1 1 10
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
1 1 1 1000000000
3 1 1

Sample Output 2

9000000000

Sample Input 3

10 10 10
1 1 8 5
2 2 6
3 2 1
3 4 7
1 5 9 7
3 3 2
3 2 8
2 8 10
3 8 8
3 1 10

Sample Output 3

6
5
5
13
10
0