Problem Statement

You are given positive integers A and B.
Print the value A^B+B^A.

Constraints

• 2 \leq A \leq B \leq 9
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 8

Sample Output 1

320

For A = 2, B = 8, we have A^B = 256, B^A = 64, so A^B + B^A = 320.

Sample Input 2

9 9

Sample Output 2

774840978

Sample Input 3

5 6

Sample Output 3

23401

Problem Statement

In the hexadecimal system, where the digits ABCDEF corresponding to 10,11,12,13,14, and 15 are used in addition to 0123456789, every integer between 0 and 255 is represented as a 1- or 2-digit numeral.
For example, 0 and 12 are represented as 1-digit hexadecimal numerals 0 and C; 99 and 255 are represented as 2-digit hexadecimals 63 and FF.

Given an integer N between 0 and 255, convert it to an exactly two-digit hexadecimal numeral, prepending leading 0s if necessary.

Notes

The judge is case-sensitive. Specifically, you cannot use abcdef as hexadecimal digits instead of ABCDEF.

Constraints

• 0 \leq N \leq 255
• N is an integer.

Sample Input 1

99

Sample Output 1

63

99 is represented as 63 in hexadecimal.

Sample Input 2

12

Sample Output 2

0C

12 is represented as C in hexadecimal.
Since we ask you to convert it to a two-digit hexadecimal numeral, the answer is 0C, where 0 is prepended to C.

Sample Input 3

0

Sample Output 3

00

Sample Input 4

255

Sample Output 4

FF

Problem Statement

You are given N integers A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N. Find the largest among those integers that are not the largest.

The constraints of this problem guarantee that the answer exists.

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 100
• 1 \leq A_i \leq 100
• It is not the case that all A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N are equal.
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5
2 1 3 3 2

Sample Output 1

2

The largest integer among 2,1,3,3,2 is 3.

The integers that are not 3 among 2,1,3,3,2 are 2,1,2, among which the largest is 2.

Sample Input 2

4
4 3 2 1

Sample Output 2

3

Sample Input 3

8
22 22 18 16 22 18 18 22

Sample Output 3

18

Problem Statement

There are N people numbered 1, 2, \dots, N in the xy-plane. Person i is at the coordinates (X_i, Y_i).
K of these people, Persons A_1, A_2, \dots, A_K, will receive lights of the same strength.
When a person at coordinates (x, y) has a light of strength R, it lights up the interior of a circle of radius R centered at (x, y) (including the boundary).
Find the minimum strength of the lights needed for every person to be lit by at least one light.

Constraints

• All values in input are integers.
• 1 \le K < N \le 1000
• 1 \le A_1 < A_2 < \dots < A_K \le N
• |X_i|,|Y_i| \le 10^5
• (X_i,Y_i) \neq (X_j,Y_j), if i \neq j.

Sample Input 1

4 2
2 3
0 0
0 1
1 2
2 0

Sample Output 1

2.23606797749978969

This input contains four people. Among them, Persons 2 and 3 will have lights.
Every person will be lit by at least one light if R \ge \sqrt{5} \approx 2.236068.

Sample Input 2

2 1
2
-100000 -100000
100000 100000

Sample Output 2

282842.712474619009

Sample Input 3

8 3
2 6 8
-17683 17993
93038 47074
58079 -57520
-41515 -89802
-72739 68805
24324 -73073
71049 72103
47863 19268

Sample Output 3

130379.280458974768

Problem Statement

We have N bags.
Bag i contains L_i balls. The j-th ball (1\leq j\leq L_i) in Bag i has a positive integer a_{i,j} written on it.

We will pick out one ball from each bag.
How many ways are there to pick the balls so that the product of the numbers written on the picked balls is X?

Here, we distinguish all balls, even with the same numbers written on them.

Constraints

• N \geq 2
• L_i \geq 2
• The product of the numbers of balls in the bags is at most 10^5: \displaystyle\prod_{i=1}^{N}L_i \leq 10^5.
• 1 \leq a_{i,j} \leq 10^9
• 1 \leq X \leq 10^{18}
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

2 40
3 1 8 4
2 10 5

Sample Output 1

2

When choosing the 3-rd ball in Bag 1 and 1-st ball in Bag 2, we have a_{1,3} \times a_{2,1} = 4 \times 10 = 40.
When choosing the 2-nd ball in Bag 1 and 2-nd ball in Bag 2, we have a_{1,2} \times a_{2,2} = 8 \times 5 = 40.
There are no other ways to make the product 40, so the answer is 2.

Sample Input 2

3 200
3 10 10 10
3 10 10 10
5 2 2 2 2 2

Sample Output 2

45

Note that we distinguish all balls, even with the same numbers written on them.

Sample Input 3

3 1000000000000000000
2 1000000000 1000000000
2 1000000000 1000000000
2 1000000000 1000000000

Sample Output 3

0

There may be no way to make the product X.

Problem Statement

You are given a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters, ,, and ". It is guaranteed that S contains an even number of ".

Let 2K be the number of " in S. For each i=1,2,\ldots,K, the characters from the (2i-1)-th " through the (2i)-th " are said to be enclosed.

Your task is to replace each , in S that is not an enclosed character with . and print the resulting string.

Constraints

• N is an integer between 1 and 2\times 10^5, inclusive.
• S is a string of length N consisting of lowercase English letters, ,, and ".
• S contains an even number of ".

Sample Input 1

8
"a,b"c,d

Sample Output 1

"a,b"c.d

In S, "a,b" are enclosed characters, and c,d are not.

The , in S that is not an enclosed character is the seventh character from the left in S, so replace that character with . to get the answer.

Sample Input 2

5
,,,,,

Sample Output 2

.....

Sample Input 3

20
a,"t,"c,"o,"d,"e,"r,

Sample Output 3

a."t,"c."o,"d."e,"r.

Problem Statement

We have a string S. Initially, S= 1.
Process Q queries in the following formats in order.

• 1 x : Append a digit x at the end of S.
• 2 : Delete the digit at the beginning of S.
• 3 : Print the number represented by S in decimal, modulo 998244353.

Constraints

• 1 \leq Q \leq 6 \times 10^5
• For each query in the first format, x \in \{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\}.
• A query in the second format is given only if S has a length of 2 or greater.
• There is at least one query in the third format.

Sample Input 1

3
3
1 2
3

Sample Output 1

1
12

In the first query, S is 1, so you should print 1 modulo 998244353, that is, 1.
In the second query, S becomes 12.
In the third query, S is 12, so you should print 12 modulo 998244353, that is, 12.

Sample Input 2

3
1 5
2
3

Sample Output 2

5

Sample Input 3

11
1 9
1 9
1 8
1 2
1 4
1 4
1 3
1 5
1 3
2
3

Sample Output 3

0

Be sure to print numbers modulo 998244353.

Problem Statement

You are given a simple connected undirected graph with N vertices and M edges.
Edge i connects Vertex A_i and Vertex B_i, and has a length of C_i.

Let us delete some number of edges while satisfying the conditions below. Find the maximum number of edges that can be deleted.

• The graph is still connected after the deletion.
• For every pair of vertices (s, t), the distance between s and t remains the same before and after the deletion.

Notes

A simple connected undirected graph is a graph that is simple and connected and has undirected edges.
A graph is simple when it has no self-loops and no multi-edges.
A graph is connected when, for every pair of two vertices s and t, t is reachable from s by traversing edges.
The distance between Vertex s and Vertex t is the length of a shortest path between s and t.

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 300
• N-1 \leq M \leq \frac{N(N-1)}{2}
• 1 \leq A_i \lt B_i \leq N
• 1 \leq C_i \leq 10^9
• (A_i, B_i) \neq (A_j, B_j) if i \neq j.
• The given graph is connected.
• All values in input are integers.

Sample Input 1

3 3
1 2 2
2 3 3
1 3 6

Sample Output 1

1

The distance between each pair of vertices before the deletion is as follows.

• The distance between Vertex 1 and Vertex 2 is 2.
• The distance between Vertex 1 and Vertex 3 is 5.
• The distance between Vertex 2 and Vertex 3 is 3.

Deleting Edge 3 does not affect the distance between any pair of vertices. It is impossible to delete two or more edges while satisfying the condition, so the answer is 1.

Sample Input 2

5 4
1 3 3
2 3 9
3 5 3
4 5 3

Sample Output 2

0

No edge can be deleted.

Sample Input 3

5 10
1 2 71
1 3 9
1 4 82
1 5 64
2 3 22
2 4 99
2 5 1
3 4 24
3 5 18
4 5 10

Sample Output 3

5

Problem Statement

There is an N \times M grid and a player standing on it.
Let (i,j) denote the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left of this grid.
Each square of this grid is black or white, which is represented by N strings S_1,S_2,\dots,S_N of length M as follows:

• if the j-th character of S_i is ., square (i,j) is white;
• if the j-th character of S_i is #, square (i,j) is black.

The grid is said to be beautiful when the following condition is satisfied.

• For every pair of integers (i,j) such that 1 \le i \le N, 1 \le j \le M, if square (i,j) is black, the square under (i,j) and the square to the immediate lower right of (i,j) are also black (if they exist).
• Formally, all of the following are satisfied.
  • If square (i,j) is black and square (i+1,j) exists, square (i+1,j) is also black.
  • If square (i,j) is black and square (i+1,j+1) exists, square (i+1,j+1) is also black.

Takahashi can paint zero or more white squares black, and he will do so to make the grid beautiful.
Find the number of different beautiful grids he can make, modulo 998244353.
Two grids are considered different when there is a square that has different colors in those two grids.

Constraints

• 1 \le N,M \le 2000
• S_i is a string of length M consisting of . and #.

Sample Input 1

2 2
.#
..

Sample Output 1

3

He can make the following three different beautiful grids:

.#  .#  ##
.#  ##  ##

Sample Input 2

5 5
....#
...#.
..#..
.#.#.
#...#

Sample Output 2

92

Sample Input 3

25 25
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................
.........................

Sample Output 3

604936632

Find the count modulo 998244353.